Vacinação em pacientes com erros inatos da imunidade ou em uso de imunossupressores ou imunobiológicos: recomendações conjuntas da Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia e da Sociedade Brasileira de Imunizações
Vaccination in patients with inborn errors of immunity or receiving immunosuppressive or biologic therapy: joint recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology and the Brazilian Immunization Society
Claudia França Cavalcante Valente; Ana Karolina Barreto Berselli Marinho; Ekaterini Simões Goudoris; Anete Sevciovic Grumach; Fátima Rodrigues Fernandes; Claudia Leiko Yonekura Anagusko; Clarissa Morais Busatto Gerhardt; Gisele Feitosa Zuvanov Casado; Angelica Varela Rondon; Monica Araujo Álvares Silva; Ronney Corrêa Mendes; Antonio Paulo Costa Penido; Lorena de Castro Diniz; Bianca Noleto Ayres Guimarães; Ana Paula Neves Burian; Renato de Ávila Kfouri; Fabio Chigres Kuschnir; Mônica Levi
Resumo
Pacientes com erros inatos da imunidade ou em uso de imunossupressores ou imunobiológicos estão sob maior risco de infecções graves, incluindo aquelas preveníveis por vacinas. A imunização adequada é uma estratégia essencial para mitigar esse risco, e deve ser adaptada conforme a doença subjacente e o grau de imunossupressão de cada paciente. Este artigo revisa as evidências científicas disponíveis e melhores práticas relacionadas à vacinação de pacientes imunocomprometidos, oferecendo orientações para otimizar a imunização nessa população, com foco em recomendações adaptadas ao contexto brasileiro. As recomendações são organizadas com base nos tipos de erros inatos da imunidade e tratamentos imunossupressores ou imunobiológicos utilizados. A implementação dessas orientações pode melhorar significativamente a qualidade do cuidado a esses pacientes, reduzindo a carga de doenças infecciosas preveníveis.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Patients with inborn errors of immunity or receiving immunosuppressive or biologic therapy are at high risk of developing severe infections, including those preventable by vaccines. Adequate immunization is an essential strategy to mitigate this risk and must be adapted according to the underlying condition and the degree of immunosuppression in each patient. This article reviews the available scientific evidence and best practices regarding vaccination in immunocompromised patients, providing guidance to optimize immunization in this population, with a focus on recommendations adapted to the Brazilian context. The recommendations are organized according to the types of inborn errors of immunity and the immunosuppressive or biologic therapy used. Implementing these guidelines can significantly improve the quality of care for these patients and reduce the burden of preventable infectious diseases.
Keywords
Referências
1. See KC. Vaccination for the prevention of infection among immunocompromised patients: a concise review of recent systematic reviews. Vaccines. 2022;10(5):800. doi:10.3390/vaccines10050800.
2. Bin-Hussain I. Infections in the Immunocompromised Host.Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics. 2012:847-52. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_68.
3. Antinori A, Bausch-Jurken M. The Burden of COVID-19 in the immunocompromised patient:implications for vaccination and needs for the future. J Infect Dis. 2023;228(Suppl 1):S4. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiad181.
4. Lopez A, Mariette X, Bachelez H, Belot A, Bonnotte B, Hachulla E, et al. Vaccination recommendations for the adultimmunosuppressed patient: A systematic review and comprehensive field synopsis. J Autoimmun. 2017 Jun;80:10-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.03.011.
5. Neven B, Pérot P, Bruneau J, Pasquet M, Ramirez M, Diana JS, et al. Cutaneous and Visceral Chronic Granulomatous Disease Triggered by a RubellaVirus Vaccine Strain in Children With Primary Immunodeficiencies. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Jan 1;64(1):83-86. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw675.
6. Perelygina L, Plotkin S, Russo P, Hautala T, Bonilla F, Ochs HD, et al. Rubella persistence in epidermal keratinocytes and granuloma M2 macrophages in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Nov;138(5):1436-9.e11. doi: 10.1016/j. jaci.2016.06.030.
7. Sarmiento JD, Villada F, Orrego JC, Franco JL, Trujillo-Vargas CM. Adverse events following immunization in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. Vaccine. 2016;34(13):1611-6. doi:10.1016/j. vaccine.2016.01.047.
8. Morillo-Gutierrez B, Worth A, Valappil M, Gaspar HB, Gennery AR. Chronic infection with rotavirus vaccine strains in UK children with severe combined immunodeficiency. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(9):1040-1. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000000788.
9. Loubet P, Kernéis S, Groh M, Loulergue P, Blanche P, Verger P, et al. Attitude, knowledge and factors associated with influenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptake in a large cohort of patients with secondary immune deficiency. Vaccine. 2015 Jul 17;33(31):3703-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.012.
10. Furer V, Rondaan C, Heijstek MW, Agmon-Levin N, van Assen S, Bijl M, et al. 2019 update of EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan;79(1):39-52. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215882.
11. Bemben NM, Berg ML. Efficacy of inactivated vaccines in patients treated with immunosuppressive drug therapy. Pharmacotherapy. 2022;42(4):334-42. doi:10.1002/phar.2671.
12. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, Departamento de Imunizações e Doenças Imunopreveníveis. Manual dos Centros de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais. 6a ed. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2023.
13. Medical Advisory Committee of the Immune Deficiency Foundation; Shearer WT, Fleisher TA, Buckley RH, Ballas Z, Ballow M, Blaese RM, et al. Recommendations for live viral and bacterial vaccines in immunodeficient patients and their close contacts. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Apr;133(4):961-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.0.
14. Bonilla FA. Update: Vaccines in primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(2):474-81. doi:10.1016/j. jaci.2017.12.980.
15. Lee TK, Gereige JD, Maglione PJ. State-of-the-art diagnostic evaluation of common variable immunodeficiency. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021 Jul;127(1):19-27. doi: 10.1016/j. anai.2021.03.005.
16. Conley ME, Dobbs AK, Farmer DM, Kilic S, Paris K, Grigoriadou S, et al. Primary B cell immunodeficiencies: comparisons and contrasts. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:199-227. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132649.
17. Hanitsch LG, Lobel M, Mieves JF, Bauer S, Babel N, Schweiger B, et al. Cellular and humoral influenza-specific immune response upon vaccination in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and unclassified antibody deficiency. Vaccine. 2016 May 5;34(21):2417-23. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.091.
18. Junker AK, Bonilla FA, Sullivan KE. How to flee the flu. Clin Immunol. 2004 Sep;112(3):219-20. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2004.03.013.
19. Mieves JF, Wittke K, Freitag H, Volk HD, Scheibenbogen C, Hanitsch LG. InfluenzaVaccination in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(11):78. doi:10.1007/s11882-017-0749-3.
20. Aguilar C, Malphettes M, Donadieu J, Chandesris O, Coignard-Biehler H, Catherinot E, et al. Prevention of infections during primary immunodeficiency. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 15;59(10):1462-70. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu646.
21. Pavlov DN, Van Zyl WB, Kruger M, Blignaut L, Grabow WOK, Ehlers MM. Poliovirus vaccine strains detected in stool specimens of immunodeficient children in South Africa. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;54(1):23-30. doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.08.011.
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Licensure of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and recommendations for use among children - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:258-61.
23. Azizi G, Pouyani MR, Abolhassani H, Sharifi L, Dizaji MZ, Mohammadi J, et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. Cell Immunol. 2016 Dec;310:14-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.012.
24. Jones A. Immunological disorders in infants and children. 5a ed. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90(5):549. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.061770.
25. Associazione Italiana di Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP). Sindrome IPEX (Immunodysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked). Raccomandazioni diagnostiche e terapeutiche [Internet]. 2009; p.9-10. Disponível em: https://www.aieop.org/web/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/IPEX-raccomandazioni-2009.pdf.
26. Jesus AA, Oliveira JB, Hilário MOE, Terreri MTRA, Fujihira E, WataseM, et al. Síndromes autoinflamatórias hereditárias na faixa etária pediátrica. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(5):353-66. doi:10.1590/S0021-75572010000500003.
27. Mendonça LO, Azzolini RK, Assis JP, Franco A, Kalil J, Castro FM, et al. Uma nova classe de doenças: doenças autoinflamatórias. Arq Asma Alerg Imunol. 2017;1(3):263-71. doi:10.5935/2526-5393.20170037.
28. Aranda CS, Guimarães RR, Pimentel MGP. Combined immunodeficiencies. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2021;97:39-48. doi:10.1016/j. jped.2020.10.014.
29. Sobh A, Bonilla FA. Vaccination in primary immunodeficiency disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(6):1066-75. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2016.09.012.
30. Donadieu J, Fenneteau O, Beaupain B, Mahlaoui N, Chantelot CB. Congenital neutropenia: diagnosis, molecular bases and patient management. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2011;6:26. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-6-26.
31. Janczar S, Zalewska-Szewczyk B, B bol-Pokora K, Pa nik J, Zeman K, Mtynarski W. Vaccination in children with chronic severe neutropenia - review of recommendations and a practical approach. Cent-Eur J Immunol. 2020;45(2):202-5. doi:10.5114/ceji.2020.97910.
32. Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, Davies EG, Avery R, Tomblyn M, et al.; Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Feb;58(3):309-18. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit816. doi:10.1093/cid/cit816.
33. Eibl MM, Wolf HM. Vaccination in patients with primary immune deficiency, secondary immune deficiency and autoimmunity with immune regulatory abnormalities. Immunotherapy. 2015;7(12):1273-92. doi:10.2217/IMT.15.74.
34. Anikeeva N, Somersalo K, Sims TN, Thomas VK, Dustin ML, SykulevY. Distinct role of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 in mediating effective cytolytic activity by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102(18):6437-42. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502467102.
35. Kohl S, Springer TA, Schmalstieg FC, Loo LS, Anderson DC. Defective natural killer cytotoxicity and polymorphonuclear leukocyte antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in patients with LFA-1/OKM-1 deficiency. J Immunol. 1984 Dec;133(6):2972-8.
36. Blazina S, Debeljak M, Kosnik M, Sim i S, Stopinsek S, Markelj G, et al. Functional Complement Analysis Can Predict Genetic Testing Results and Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Complement Deficiencies. Front Immunol. 2018 Mar 21;9:500. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00500.
37. Brodszki N, Frazer-Abel A, Grumach AS, Kirschfink M, Litzman J, Perez E, et al. European Society for I mmunodeficiencies (ESID) and European Reference Network on Rare Primary Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (ERN RITA) Complement Guideline: Deficiencies, Diagnosis, and Management. J Clin Immunol. 2020 May;40(4):576-91. doi: 10.1007/s10875-020-00754-1.
38. Maurer M, Magerl M, Betschel S, Aberer W, Ansotegui IJ, Aygoren-Pürsün E, et al. The international WAO/EAACI guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema-The 2021 revision and update. Allergy. 2022 Jul;77(7):1961-90. doi: 10.1111/all.15214.
39. Dávila-Seijo P, Dauden E, Descalzo MA, Carretero G, Carrascosa JM, Vanaclocha F, et al.; BIOBADADERM Study Group. Infections in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Patients Treated with Biological Drugs Compared to Classic Systemic Drugs: Findings from the BIOBADADERM Registry. J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Feb;137(2):313-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.034.
40. Boerbooms AM, Kerstens PJ, van Loenhout JW, Mulder J, van de Putte LB. Infections during low-dose methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1995;24(6):411-21. doi:10.1016/s0049-0172(95)80009-3.
41. McLean-Tooke A, Aldridge C, Waugh S, Spickett GP, Kay L. Methotrexate, rheumatoid arthritis and infection risk: what is the evidence? Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2009;48(8):867-71. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep101.
42. He J, Li Z. Dilemma of immunosuppression and infection risk in systemiclupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2023;62(Suppl 1):i22-i29. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keac678.
43. Agarwal N, Ollington K, Kaneshiro M, Frenck R, Melmed GY. Are immunosuppressive medications associated with decreased responses to routine immunizations? A systematic review. Vaccine. 2012 Feb 14;30(8):1413-24. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.109.
44. Papp KA, Haraoui B, Kumar D, Marshall JK, Bissonnette R, Bitton A, et al. Vaccination Guidelines for Patients with Immune-Mediated Disorders on Immunosuppressive Therapies-Executive Summary. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol. 2019 Dec;2(4):149-52. doi: 10.1093/jcag/gwy069.
45. Adler S, Krivine A, Weix J, Rozenberg F, Launay O, Huesler J, et al. Protective effect of A/H1N1 vaccination in immune-mediated disease - a prospectively controlled vaccination study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Apr;51(4):695-700. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker389.
46. Brasil. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - Anvisa. Bula Nucala® [Internet]. Disponível em: https://consultas.anvisa.gov.br/#/medicamentos/1064523?numeroProcesso=2535148695320 1534. Acessado em: 08/11/2024.
47. Brasil. Anvisa - Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Bula Dupixent® [Internet]. Disponível em: https://consultas.anvisa.gov.br/#/medicamentos/1324521?numeroProcesso=2535118948720 1920. Acessado em: 08/11/2024.
48. Imazio M, Lazaros G, Gattorno M, LeWinter M, Abbate A, Brucato A, et al. Anti-interleukin-1 agents for pericarditis: a primer for cardiologists. Eur Heart J. 2022Aug 14;43(31):2946-57. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab452.
49. Panettieri R, Lugogo N, Corren J, Ambrose CS. Tezepelumab for severe asthma: one drug targeting multiple disease pathways and patient types. J Asthma Allergy. 2024;17:219-36. doi:10.2147/JAA. S342391.
50. Kamal ME, Werida RH, Radwan MA, Askar SR, Omran GA, El-Mohamdy MA, et al. Efficacy and safety of infliximab and adalimumab in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflammopharmacology. 2024 Oct;32(5):3259-69. doi: 10.1007/s10787-024-01508-w.
51. Fleischmann R, Goldman JA, Leirisalo-Repo M, Zanetakis E, ElKadi H, Kellner H, et al. Infliximab efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis after an inadequate response to etanercept or adalimumab: results of a target-driven active switch study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014 Nov;30(11):2139-49. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2014.942416.
52. Thomas TC, Rollins SA, Rother RP, Giannoni MA, Hartman SL, Elliott EA, et al. Inhibition of complement activity by humanized anti-C5 antibody and single-chain Fv. Mol Immunol. 1996 Dec;33(17-18):1389-401. doi: 10.1016/s0161-5890(96)00078-8.
53. Atagündüz P, Keser G, Soy M. Interleukin-1 inhibitors and vaccinationincluding covid-19ininflammatory rheumatic diseases: a nonsystematic review. Front Immunol. 2022;12:734279. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.734279.
54. Rabinowitz KM, Navon M, Edelman-Klapper H, Zittan E, Bar-Gil Shitrit A, Goren I, et al., On Behalf Of The Responses To CovidVaccine Israeli Ibd. Anti-TNF Treatment Impairs Long-Term Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jul 26;10(8):1186. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10081186.
55. Garcia Garrido HM, Veurink AM, Leeflang M, Spijker R, Goorhuis A, Grobusch MP. Hepatitis A vaccine immunogenicity in patients using immunosuppressive drugs: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2019;32:101479. doi:10.1016/j. tmaid.2019.101479.
56. Müller KE, Dohos D, Sipos Z, Kiss S, Dembrovszky F, Kovács N, et al. Immune response to influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in adults with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 1429 patients. Vaccine. 2022 Mar 18;40(13):2076-86. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.027.
57. Bass AR, Chakravarty E, Akl EA, Bingham CO, Calabrese L, Cappelli LC, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Mar;75(3):449-64. doi: 10.1002/acr.25045.
58. Bula de Soliris®: eculizumabe. Responsável técnica Luciana Maciel Zuicker Maziero. São Paulo. Alexion Serviços e Farmacêutica do Brasil Ltda., 2022.
59. Jaeger VK, Hoffman HM, van der Poll T, Tilson H, Seibert J, Speziale A, et al. Safety of vaccinations in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes: a prospective registry based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Sep 1;56(9):1484-91. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex185.
60. Mari D, White K. Live vaccine administration in patients treated with biologics for allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2024;12(10):2842-2843.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.032.
61. Blauvelt A, Simpson EL, Tyring SK, Purcell LA, Shumel B, Petro CD, et al. Dupilumab does not affect correlates of vaccine-induced immunity: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Jan;80(1):158-67.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.07.048.
62. Wechsler ME, Souza-Machado A, Xu C, Mao X, Kapoor U, Khokhar FA, et al. Preclinical and clinical experience with dupilumab on the correlates of live attenuated vaccines. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob. 2021 Dec 8;1(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jacig.2021.12.003.
63. Narbutt J, uber Z, Lesiak A, Bie N, Szepietowski JC. Vaccinations in selected immune-related diseases treated with biological drugs and JAK Inhibitors - literature review and statement of experts from Polish Dermatological Society. Vaccines. 2024;12(1):82. doi:10.3390/vaccines12010082.
64. Lieberman JA, Chu DK, Ahmed T, Dribin TE, Abrams EM, Anagnostou A, et al. A systematic review and expert Delphi Consensus recommendation on the use of vaccines in patients receiving dupilumab: A position paper of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024 Sep;133(3):286-94. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.05.014.
65. Villarino AV, Kanno Y, Ferdinand JR, O'Shea JJ. Mechanisms of Jak/STAT signaling in immunity and disease. J Immunol. 2015 Jan 1;194(1):21-7. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401867.
66. Schwartz DM, Kanno Y, Villarino A, Ward M, Gadina M, O'Shea JJ. JAKinhibition as a therapeutic strategy forimmune andinflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2017;16(12):843-62. doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.201.
67. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC. Guidelines for Immunizations [Internet]. Disponível em: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/immunocompetence.html. Acessado em: 08/10/2024.
68. Winthrop KL, Bingham CO 3rd, Komocsar WJ, Bradley J, Issa M, Klar R, et al. Evaluation of pneumococcal and tetanus vaccine responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving baricitinib: results from a long-term extension trial substudy. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Apr 18;21(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1883-1.
69. Winthrop K, Vargas JI, Drescher E, Garcia C, Friedman A, Hendrickson B, et al. Evaluation of response to 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving upadacitinib: results from a phase 2 open-label extension study. RMD Open. 2022 Mar;8(1):e002110. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002110.
70. Winthrop KL, Silverfield J, Racewicz A, Neal J, Lee EB, Hrycaj P et al. The effect of tofacitinib on pneumococcal and influenza vaccine responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Apr;75(4):687-95. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207191.
71. Russell MD, Stovin C, Alveyn E, Adeyemi O, Chan CKD, Patel V, et al. JAK inhibitors and the risk of malignancy: a meta-analysis across disease indications. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Aug;82(8):1059-67. doi: 10.1136/ard-2023-224049.
72. Hong X, Xiao Y, Xu L, Liu L, Mo H, Mo H. Risk of hepatitis B reactivation in HBsAg-/HBcAb+ patients after biologic or JAK inhibitor therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2023 Feb;11(2):e780. doi: 10.1002/iid3.780.
73. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Manual de Vigilância Epidemiológica de Eventos Adversos Pós-Vacinação [Internet]. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/publicacoes/svsa/vacinacao-imunizacao-pni/manual_eventos-_adversos_pos_ vacinacao_4ed_atualizada.pdf/view. Acessado em: 16/10/2024.
74. Talbot EA, Perkins MD, Silva SF, Frothingham R. Disseminated bacille Calmette-Guérin disease after vaccination: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1997;24(6):1139-46. doi:10.1086/513642.
75. Fekrvand S, Yazdani R, Olbrich P, Gennery A, Rosenzweig SD, Condino-Neto A, et al. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Vaccine-Derived Complications: A Systematic Review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Apr;8(4):1371-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.01.038.
76. Mazzucchelli JT, Bonfim C, Castro GG, Condino-Neto AA, Costa NM, Cunha L,et al. Severe combined immunodeficiency in Brazil: management, prognosis, and BCG-associated complications. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2014;24(3):184-91.
77. Zeng Y, Ying W, Wang W, Hou J, Liu L, Sun B, et al. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of BCG Disease in Chinese Children: a Retrospective Study. J Clin Immunol. 2023 May;43(4):756-68. doi: 10.1007/s10875-022-01422-2.
78. Lyra PT, Souza E, Moura ACA, Matta MC, Torres LC, Coelho AVC, et al. Inborn Errors of Immunity in Patients with Adverse Events Following BCG Vaccination in Brazil. J Clin Immunol. 2022 Nov;42(8):1708-1720. doi: 10.1007/s10875-022-01302-9.
79. Ong RYL, Chan SB, Chew SJ, Liew WK, Thoon KC, Chong CY, et al. Disseminated bacillus-Calmette-Guérin infections and primary immunodeficiency disorders in Singapore: A single center 15-year retrospective review. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Aug;97:117-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.117.
80. McKay SL, Guo A, Pergam SA, Dooling K. Herpes zoster risk in immunocompromised adults in the United States: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2020;71(7):e125-e134. doi:10.1093/cid/ciz1090.
81. Whitley RJ. Herpesvirus infections in the immunocompromised host: diagnosis and management. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1986;202:95-118. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1259-8_7.
82. Muñoz-Quiles C, López-Lacort M, Díez-Domingo J, Orrico-Sánchez A. Herpes zoster risk and burden of disease in immunocompromised populations: a population-based study using health system integrated databases, 2009-2014. BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 30;20(1):905. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05648-6.
83. Lal H, Cunningham AL, Godeaux O, Chlibek R, Diez-Domingo J, Hwang SJ, et al.; ZOE-50 Study Group. Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 28;372(22):2087-96. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1501184.
84. Bastidas A, de la Serna J, El Idrissi M, Oostvogels L, Quittet P López-Jiménez J, et al.; ZOE-HSCT Study Group Collaborators. Effect of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine on Incidence of Herpes Zoster After Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Jul 9;322(2):123-33. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.9053.
85. Dagnew AF, Ilhan O, Lee WS, Woszczyk D, Kwak JY, Bowcock S, et al.; Zoster-039 study group. Immunogenicity and safety of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in adults with haematological malignancies: a phase 3, randomised, clinical trial and post-hoc efficacy analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Sep;19(9):988-1000. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30163-X.
Submetido em:
04/12/2024
Aceito em:
23/12/2024
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email