Síndrome da urticária de contato – uma revisão
Contact urticaria syndrome - a review
Sérgio Duarte Dortas Junior; Solange Oliveira Rodrigues Valle
Resumo
A síndrome da urticária de contato (SUC), a urticária de contato (UCO) e a dermatite de contato por proteínas (DCP) são entidades descritas sob o rótulo de reações cutâneas imediatas por contato. Geralmente as urticas surgem 20-30 minutos após a exposição por contato com uma substância, e desaparecem por completo em algumas horas, sem deixar lesão residual. Entretanto, a SUC pode apresentar sintomas generalizados graves. Estima-se uma prevalência, entre trabalhadores europeus, entre 5-10%, enquanto na população geral estima-se de que seja de 1-3%. Os mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese da SUC não foram totalmente elucidados. Uma abordagem inicial, para melhorar a sua compreensão, pode ser dividir esta condição em urticária não imunológica (UCNI) e imunológica (UCI). A primeira não necessita de sensibilização prévia ao alérgeno, enquanto a segunda necessita. O diagnóstico da SUC necessita de uma anamnese detalhada e exame físico seguido de teste cutâneo com as substâncias suspeitas. O afastamento do agente desencadeante é o melhor tratamento. Para isso é necessário o diagnóstico apropriado e precoce, a confecção de relatórios ocupacionais e o desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Contact urticaria syndrome (CUS), contact urticaria, and protein contact dermatitis (PCD) are entities described under the umbrella term of immediate contact skin reactions (ICSR). Generally, hives appear 20-30 minutes after contact with the offending substance, and disappear completely in a few hours, without leaving residual lesions. However, the CUS may be associated with severe systemic symptoms. A prevalence of 5-10% has been estimated among European workers; in the general population it is 1-3%. The mechanisms involved in CUS pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. An initial approach to improving its understanding involves dividing this condition into non-immune and immune contact urticaria. The former does not require prior sensitization to the allergen, while the latter does. Diagnosis of CUS is established by a detailed history and physical examination, followed by skin tests with suspected substances. Removal of the triggering agent is the best treatment. This requires early proper diagnosis, occupational reporting, and development of preventive measures.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
20/03/2024
Aceito em:
24/03/2024
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