Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2526-5393.20230014
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Clinical and Experimental Communication

Hemofagocitose em cultura de sangue periférico precedendo hemofagocitose em biópsia de medula óssea na síndrome hemofagocítica secundária

Hemophagocytosis in peripheral blood culture preceding hemophagocytosis in bone marrow biopsy in secondary hemophagocytic syndrome

Bruno Macedo Pinto; Cristina Han Hue Lin; Tainá Mosca; Ademir Veras da Silva; Gustavo Nunes Wakim; Wilma Carvalho Neves Forte

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Resumo

A síndrome hemofagocítica é determinada por desregulação do sistema imunológico, caracterizada por ativação excessiva de macrófagos, resultando em fagocitose de células sanguíneas normais no fígado, baço e medula óssea. Pode ser primária (genética) ou secundária (adquirida). Em adultos quase sempre é secundária, tendo infecções, neoplasias e doenças autoimunes como frequentes desencadeadores. Entre as principais manifestações da síndrome estão febre prolongada e hepatoesplenomegalia. O diagnóstico até o momento é confirmado pelo achado de hemofagocitose em biópsia de medula óssea. Entretanto, é descrito que a biópsia de medula óssea é normal nos primeiros dias de manifestações da síndrome. O presente relato tem como objetivo mostrar a observação de hemofagocitose em cultura de células de sangue periférico de paciente de 29 anos precedendo a hemofagocitose em biópsia de medula óssea. A paciente apresentava diferentes infecções, com grave comprometimento do estado geral e sem melhora com o tratamento das infecções. O achado laboratorial permitiu o tratamento precoce da síndrome hemofagocítica e a melhora da paciente. No presente relato a técnica utilizada está descrita detalhadamente para que possa ser reproduzida, além de ser apresentada uma revisão não sistemática da literatura sobre a síndrome.

Palavras-chave

Linfo-histiocitose hemofagocítica, hiperferritinemia, infecção persistente.

Abstract

Hemophagocytic syndrome, which is caused by dysregulation of the immune system, is characterized by excessive macrophage activation, resulting in phagocytosis of normal blood cells in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It can be primary (genetic) or secondary (acquired). In adults, it is almost always secondary, with infections, neoplasms, and autoimmune diseases as frequent triggers. The main manifestations of this syndrome are prolonged fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Currently, diagnosis is confirmed through finding hemophagocytosis in a bone marrow biopsy. However, it has been reported that bone marrow biopsy results are still normal on the first day the syndrome manifests. Here we report observing hemophagocytosis in cultured peripheral blood cells from a 29-year-old patient prior to finding hemophagocytosis in bone marrow biopsy. The patient had various infections and a poor general condition, which did not improve after treating the infections. The laboratory findings allowed early treatment of hemophagocytic syndrome and the patient improved. We describe our technique in detail so it can be reproduced, and we provide a non-systematic review of the literature on the syndrome.

Keywords

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hyperferritinemia, persistent infection.

References

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Submitted date:
12/08/2022

Accepted date:
02/04/2023

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