Rinite vasomotora e rinorreia: um possível papel para o efeito anticolinérgico da amitriptilina
Vasomotor rhinitis and rhinorrhea: a possible role for the anticholinergic effect of amitriptyline
Francisco Machado Vieira
Resumo
Introdução: A rinite vasomotora (RVM), também denominada idiopática, é um tipo de rinite não alérgica. Pode ser muitas vezes ativada por mudanças de temperatura, especialmente com o ar frio e outras irritantes de vias aéreas. A dosagem de IgE e o citograma nasal são normais, e os testes de inalantes são negativos. A etiologia pode estar associada à desregulação de nervos simpáticos e parassimpáticos da mucosa nasal, onde aumenta a rinorreia e a obstrução nasal. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da amitriptilina no controle da rinorreia vasomotora. Método: Através de estudo retrospectivo, avaliaram-se pacientes com RVM (n = 110), no qual um grupo de n = 12 (11%) apresentava rinorreia profusa há mais de um ano, não controlada, na sua totalidade, com corticosteroide nasal. Usou-se a amitriptilina, um antidepressivo tricíclico, com intensa atividade anticolinérgica com dose de 25 mg/50 mg diária para a rinorreia nesses pacientes. Resultados: Foram avaliados através de uma escala de sintomas (modificada de Wilson AM): 0 = ausente, 1 = leve, bem tolerado, 2 = desconforto interferindo com a concentração, 3 = forte intensidade interferindo no sono e na concentração. Dez pacientes catalogados apresentaram sintomas no grau 3, e dois, no grau 2. A pontuação foi reduzida para grau 0-1 após 4-6 semanas com o uso de amitriptilina por sintomas reflexivos matinais e noturnos. Conclusão: Futuros estudos controlados e com maior número de pacientes seriam necessários para confirmação do efeito farmacológico da amitriptilina na rinorreia da RVM.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Background: Vasomotor rhinitis (VMR), also referred to as idiopathic rhinitis, is a type of nonallergic rhinitis. It can often be triggered by changes in temperature, especially with cold air and other airway irritants. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and nasal cytograms are normal, and inhalant skin tests are negative. The etiology may be associated with dysregulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in the nasal mucosa, with increased rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of amitriptyline in the control of VMR-related rhinorrhea. Method: We retrospectively evaluated 110 patients with VMR, of whom 12 (11%) had profuse rhinorrhea for more than 1 year, not completely controlled with nasal corticosteroids. In these 12 patients, rhinorrhea was treated with amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant with intense anticholinergic activity, at a daily dose of 25 mg/50 mg. Results: Patients were evaluated using a symptom scale (modified from Wilson AM): 0 = absent; 1 = mild, well tolerated; 2 = discomfort interfering with concentration; and 3 = severe intensity interfering with sleep and concentration. Ten patients had grade 3 symptoms, and 2 had grade 2 symptoms. The score decreased to grade 0-1 after 4-6 weeks of amitriptyline use for reflex symptoms in the morning and at night. Conclusion: Further controlled studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the pharmacological effect of amitriptyline on VMRrelated rhinorrhea.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
23/12/2021
Aceito em:
13/07/2022
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