Introdução dos alimentos no primeiro ano de vida e
prevenção da alergia alimentar: quais as evidências?

Jackeline Motta Franco; Lucila Camargo Lopes de-Oliveira; Ana Paula Beltran Moschione Castro; Fabiane Pomiecinski; Ana Carolina Rozalem Reali; Ariana Campos Yang; Bárbara Luiza de Britto Cançado; Germana Pimentel Stefani; Ingrid Pimentel Cunha Magalhães Souza Lima; José Carlison Santos de-Oliveira; José Luiz Magalhães Rios; Nathalia Barroso Acatauassú Ferreira; Renata Rodrigues Cocco; Valéria Botan Gonçalves; Norma de Paula M. Rubini; Emanuel Sarinho

doi:10.5935/2526-5393.20220003

Artigo Especial

Introdução dos alimentos no primeiro ano de vida e prevenção da alergia alimentar: quais as evidências?

Introduction of food in the first year of life and food allergy prevention: what is the evidence?

Jackeline Motta Franco; Lucila Camargo Lopes de-Oliveira; Ana Paula Beltran Moschione Castro; Fabiane Pomiecinski; Ana Carolina Rozalem Reali; Ariana Campos Yang; Bárbara Luiza de Britto Cançado; Germana Pimentel Stefani; Ingrid Pimentel Cunha Magalhães Souza Lima; José Carlison Santos de-Oliveira; José Luiz Magalhães Rios; Nathalia Barroso Acatauassú Ferreira; Renata Rodrigues Cocco; Valéria Botan Gonçalves; Norma de Paula M. Rubini; Emanuel Sarinho

http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/2526-5393.20220003 Arq Asma Alerg Imunol, vol.6, n1, p.49-57, 2022

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Resumo

Objetivo: A incidência das doenças alérgicas cresceu nas últimas décadas. Na tentativa de conter o aumento da alergia alimentar (AA) ao longo dos anos, estratégias de prevenção vêm sendo implementadas. Para promover um melhor entendimento dos dilemas que permeiam a introdução alimentar no primeiro ano de vida, esse artigo trata de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa sobre a introdução dos alimentos complementares no primeiro ano de vida e possíveis associações com a prevenção primária da alergia alimentar. Fonte dos dados: Publicações relevantes foram pesquisadas nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Guidelines International Network, National Guidelines Clearinghouse e revisadas recomendações do guia e do consenso nacional de alergia alimentar. Resultados: Estudos observacionais diversos e ensaios clínicos randomizados estão disponíveis, bem como recomendações publicadas por organizações científicas; no entanto, de qualidade variável. Foram consideradas as recomendações de diretrizes de prática clínica classificadas como de alta qualidade e publicações recentes ainda não categorizadas de forma sistemática em sua qualidade, mas internacionalmente reconhecidas como relevantes para a atenção primária. Conclusão: Até o momento, não há evidências consistentes de que a introdução precoce, antes dos 6 meses, dos alimentos alergênicos, contribua para a prevenção de alergia a alimentos na população geral.

Palavras-chave

Prevenção primária; hipersensibilidade alimentar; alimentos infantis; desenvolvimento infantil; ingestão de alimentos.

Abstract

Objective: The incidence of allergic diseases has increased in recent decades. In an attempt to contain the increase in food allergy (AA) over the years, prevention strategies have been implemented. To promote a better understanding of the dilemmas that permeate the introduction of food in the first year of life, this article deals with a narrative literature review on the introduction of complementary foods in the first year of life and possible associations with the primary prevention of food allergy. Data source: Relevant publications were searched in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Guidelines International Network, National Guidelines Clearinghouse, and revised recommendations from the national food allergy guide and consensus. Results: Several observational studies and randomized controlled trials are available, as well as recommendations. published by scientific organizations; however, of variable quality. Recommendations from clinical practice guidelines classified as high quality and recent publications not yet systematically categorized in their quality, but internationally recognized as relevant to primary care, were considered. Conclusion: To date, there is no consistent evidence that the early introduction, before 6 months, of allergenic foods contributes to the prevention of food allergy in the general population.

Keywords

Primary prevention, food hypersensitivity, infant food, child development, eating.

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Submetido em:
27/11/2021

Aceito em:
06/12/2021