Anafilaxia em estudantes acima de sete anos nas escolas públicas de Imperatriz do Maranhão - MA
Anaphylaxis in public school students aged 7 years or older in Imperatriz do Maranhão, MA, Brazil
Cayo Fernando de-Araújo-Sousa; Marcos da Silva Oliveira; Antonio Francisco e-Silva-Junior; Raphael Coelho Figueredo; Elaine Gagete
Resumo
Introdução: Anafilaxia é uma reação de hipersensibilidade aguda, grave, potencialmente fatal, causada por mecanismos de hipersensibilidade. A prevalência da anafilaxia está crescendo, entretanto, pesquisas epidemiológicas sobre esta doença ainda são escassas no Brasil, o que motivou o presente estudo. Métodos: A pesquisa é observacional e com delineamento do tipo transversal, baseada na aplicação de questionário validado que sugere o diagnóstico de anafilaxia em crianças e adolescentes entre 7 a 18 anos em escolas públicas da cidade de Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brasil. Simultaneamente, outro questionário correlacionando características socioeconômicas e de saúde geral também foi aplicado. Foram sorteadas 30 escolas, e em cada uma delas foram sorteados 24 estudantes. Os questionários devolvidos foram processados, sendo que escores iguais ou acima de 28 foram identificados como sugestivos de anafilaxia. Dois grupos, sem e com anafilaxia, (respectivamente, A e B) foram comparados. Resultados: Dos 720 questionários entregues, 380 foram devolvidos e, destes, 294 foram considerados válidos e analisados. Destes 294, 144 (49%) alegaram já ter tido pelo menos uma crise de alergia e tiveram seus questionários tabulados. Dezessete entrevistados (5,78% dos 294) apresentaram escores iguais ou superiores a 28, o que sugere anafilaxia. Com relação ao segundo questionário, os grupos A e B apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto ao gênero, renda familiar, presença de tabagismo passivo e vacinação, sendo que o grupo B apresentou, respectivamente, predomínio do gênero feminino, maior renda familiar, maior índice de tabagismo passivo e vacinação completa. Conclusões: As taxas de prevalência de anafilaxia em pessoas suspeitas dessa doença em Imperatriz do Maranhão mostram-se significativas e comparáveis a outros locais já estudados no Brasil e no mundo. Mais estudos epidemiológicos são necessários para se ampliar o conhecimento dessa prevalência no país e sua correlação com dados socioeconômicos e de saúde geral.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction, and its prevalence has been increasing. Despite the importance of this disease, there are few studies focusing on its epidemiological aspects in Brazil. Hence, the authors aimed to investigate the prevalence of anaphylaxis in Imperatriz, a city in Maranhão (MA) – a Northwest state in Brazil – as a contribution to the understanding of this issue. Methods: Thirty public schools were chosen at random, and in each one, 24 students were chosen randomly. A validated questionnaire to collect data on possible anaphylactic reactions was sent to them along with socioeconomic and general health questions. The answers were analyzed to identify who could have had an anaphylactic reaction. A score of 28 or higher indicated a possible anaphylactic reaction. The group with possible anaphylaxis was compared with the group without anaphylaxis. Results: Of 720 questionnaires sent to the students, 320 (52.8%) were returned and 294 were considered for analysis. Of 294, 144 (49%) students answered that they had had at least one episode of allergic reaction and, thus, had their answers tabulated. Seventeen students scored 28 or higher and were considered to have had an anaphylactic reaction. Therefore, the prevalence of anaphylaxis in this population was 5.78% (17/294). A comparison of the two groups, without anaphylaxis (A) and with possible anaphylaxis (B), showed that group B statistically differed in gender (more female), family income, second-hand smoking, and vaccination rate (higher indices in group B). Conclusion: Anaphylaxis is an important disease in Imperatriz (MA), and its prevalence is similar to that of other places in Brazil and in the world. More studies are necessary to better understand how anaphylaxis impacts the Brazilian population.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
24/02/2021
Aceito em:
23/05/2021
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