Impacto do tabagismo passivo nos sintomas da asma na infância
Impact of passive smoking on childhood asthma symptoms
Emily Lindsey Pilato; Thais Fernanda da Luz Filla; Lucas de Castro Couto; Cristine Secco Rosário; Herberto José Chong Neto; Carlos Antônio Riedi; Débora Carla Chong-Silva; Nelson Augusto Rosário Filho
Resumo
Objetivo: Caracterizar a população asmática pediátrica e avaliar as repercussões do tabagismo passivo nos sintomas da asma na infância. Métodos: A amostra é composta de 384 pacientes, entre 2 e 14 anos, com diagnóstico de asma, acompanhados no ambulatório de pneumologia pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. A avaliação ocorreu por meio de uma ficha de dados, aplicada em forma de entrevista aos responsáveis ou à criança participante. Resultados: A exposição ao tabagismo passivo esteve presente em 55% das crianças. Aglomeração domiciliar, menor renda familiar, menor nível de escolaridade materna e paterna foram vistos significativamente no grupo exposto. A população exposta mostrou maior frequência de asma classificada como moderada, maior uso de corticoide inalatório e maior frequência de sintomas diurnos (presentes pelo menos uma vez na semana em 60% dos pacientes). Conclusão: Foi alta a prevalência de crianças asmáticas expostas ao tabagismo passivo. Condição socioeconômica baixa foi confirmada no grupo exposto. Asma de gravidade moderada, maior uso de corticoides inalados e maior frequência de sintomas diurnos foram vistos no grupo de expostos. Este estudo confirma a necessidade imediata de adoção de medidas efetivas no combate ao tabagismo passivo como estratégia imprescindível para o controle da asma na infância.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Objective: To characterize the pediatric asthmatic population and to evaluate the repercussions of passive smoking on childhood asthma symptoms. Methods: The sample consisted of 384 patients, aged 2 to 14 years, diagnosed with asthma, who were followed up at the pediatric pulmonology outpatient clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Federal University of Paraná. The evaluation was carried out by means of a data sheet, administered in the form of an interview to the legal guardians or to the participating child. Results: Exposure to passive smoking was present in 55% of the children. Household agglomeration, lower family income, and lower level of maternal and paternal schooling were seen in the exposed group. The exposed population showed a higher frequency of asthma classified as moderate, greater use of inhaled corticosteroids, and greater frequency of diurnal symptoms (present at least once a week in 60% of patients). Conclusion: The prevalence of asthmatic children exposed to passive smoking was high. Low socioeconomic condition was confirmed in the exposed group. Asthma of moderate severity, greater use of inhaled corticosteroids, and greater frequency of diurnal symptoms were seen in the exposed group. This study confirms the immediate need to adopt effective measures to combat passive smoking as an essential strategy for the control of childhood asthma.
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Submetido em:
28/05/2020
Aceito em:
30/05/2020
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