Evaluation of the action of precipitating agents to obtain allergenic proteins from crude mite extracts
Avaliação da ação de agentes precipitantes na obtenção de proteínas alergênicas presentes em extratos brutos de ácaros
Francisca das Chagas Sobral Silva; Daniel Vasconcelos Silva; Anderson Bruno Matos; Andrea Medeiros Salgado; Maria Queiroz da Cruz
Abstract
Introduction: Allergen proteins found in dust mite extracts, such as Dermatophagoides farinae (DF), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (TP), are relevant for scientific studies in the allergy and immunotherapy fields. The precipitation/concentration of protein extracts may favor the aggregation of the allergens in homogenates. Objective and method: This paper investigates the precipitation process by submitting crude mite extracts to compounds such as ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and acetone. Results: The best results were obtained by fractionation with (NH4)2SO4 at 80% (w/v) saturation (~0° C), observing the protein markings on the electrophoresis gel. Major allergens were identified by immunoblot at 25 kDa (cysteine protease) for Der f and Der p; and 25 kDa, 30 kDa (tropomyosin) and Try p 3, near 26 kDa. For this percentage the total protein contents were 12.83 mg mL-1 for Der f, 24.78 mg mL-1 for Der p and 27.35 mg mL-1 for Try. Conclusion: An advantage of precipitation with (NH4)2SO4 over precipitation with acetone was the possibility of gradually obtaining protein fractions, which does not happen when using the latter. The addition of 80% (v/v) acetone to the mite extracts favored total protein precipitation in the concentrations 16.42 mg mL-1, 28.47 mg mL-1 and 13.41 mg mL-1. The use of TCA in concentrations above 20% (w/v) forms peptides that are not retained in the gel under the established experimental conditions, and dilute solutions of this acid are more efficient.
Keywords
Resumo
Introdução: As proteínas alergênicas presentes nos extratos dos ácaros de poeira, tais como Dermatofagoides farinae (DF), Dermatofagoides pteronyssinus (DP) e Tyrophagus putrescentiae (TP) são relevantes para estudos científicos na área de alergias e aplicação em imunoterapias. A precipitação/concentração desses extratos proteicos pode favorecer a agregação de alérgenos nos homogenatos. Objetivo e método: O trabalho investiga o processo de precipitação, submetendo os extratos brutos de ácaros de poeira a compostos como sulfato de amônio (NH4)2SO4, ácido tricloroacético (ATC) e acetona. Resultados: Os melhores resultados foram obtidos por fracionamento com (NH4)2SO4 em 80% (m/v) de saturação (~ 0°C), observando as marcações proteicas no gel de eletroforese. Os alérgenos principais foram identificados por immunoblot em 25 kDa (cisteína protease) para Der f 1 e Der p 1; e 25 kDa, 33 kDa (tropomyosin), 11 kDa para Tyr. Para esse percentual, os teores de proteína total foram de 12.83 mg mL-1 para DF; 24,78 mg mL-1 para DP; e 27,35 mg mL-1 para TP. Conclusão: A vantagem da precipitação com (NH4)2SO4 frente à precipitação com acetona foi a possibilidade de gradativamente se obter frações proteicas, o que não acontece quando utilizado esse solvente. A adição de 80% (v/v) de acetona aos extratos de ácaros favoreceu a precipitação total de proteína nas concentrações 16,42 mg mL-1; 28,47 mg mL-1; e 13,41 mg mL-1. O uso de ATC em concentrações acima de 20% (m/v) forma peptídeos que não são retidos no gel nas condições experimentais estabelecidas, sendo eficiente soluções mais diluídas desse ácido.
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References
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Submitted date:
01/14/2020
Accepted date:
02/20/2020
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