Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2526-5393.20190032
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Comunicação Clínica e Experimental

Prática de imunoterapia e candidatos biomarcadores: visita à resposta cutânea tardia e à IgG4 específica

Practice of immunotherapy and biomarker candidates: a visit to the late cutaneous response and specific IgG4

Francisco Machado Vieira

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Resumo

O sucesso da imunoterapia específica (ITE) com alérgenos está marcado pela diminuição dos sintomas quando da exposição aos mesmos. Significantes aumentos de IgG4 específica têm sido verificados em múltiplos estudos com pacientes recebendo ITE de manutenção por via subcutânea (30-40 vezes). Foi selecionado um grupo de 36 pacientes com idade média de 24 anos (mediana de 22 anos), sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (58%). A característica desses pacientes, com rinite e/ou rinoconjuntivite alérgica, era de estarem em uso na fase de manutenção (mais de 10 meses), ou haviam finalizado a ITE subcutânea nos últimos dois anos, após um período de três a cinco anos consecutivos. Procurou-se verificar as respostas cutâneas imediatas (20 min) e a tardia (de 6h a 8h), após injeção intradérmica (TID) na superfície volar do antebraço de 0,02 mL de extrato alergênico contendo 1AU (unidade de alergia), associada a um grupo controle com rinoconjuntivite sem uso de ITE. Foi analisada a dimensão das pápulas na leitura imediata, observando-se uma semelhança entre os grupos de ITE e de controle (9,1± 3,3/10,8 ± 2,1 mm; p = 0,124). Na leitura tardia, nota-se uma dimensão significativamente menor no grupo de ITE (2,6 ± 2,6/6,0 ± 1,6 mm; p < 0,001) em relação ao de controle. Admite-se, portanto, ter havido um elevado aumento da IgG4 específica bloqueadora, influenciando na resposta cutânea do TID. A supressão da resposta cutânea tardia correlaciona-se com o aumento da IgG4, sendo considerados ambos os parâmetros candidatos biomarcadores para ITE.

Palavras-chave

Rinite, alergia e imunologia, imunoterapia, biomarcadores.

Abstract

The success of allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is marked by a decrease in symptoms after exposure to an allergen. Significant increases in specific IgG4 have been seen in multiple studies of patients receiving maintenance SIT subcutaneously (30- to 40-fold). A group of 36 patients was selected; their mean age was 24 years (median age of 22 years), and most were male (58%). These patients had rhinitis and/or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and were in the maintenance phase (more than 10 months) or had had subcutaneous SIT in the past 2 years, after a period of 3 to 5 consecutive years. Immediate (20 minutes) and late (6 hours to 8 hours) cutaneous responses were examined after intra-dermal injection (IDI) on the volar surface of the forearm of 0.02-mL allergen extract containing 1 AU (allergy unit). A group with rhinoconjunctivitis and not on SIT was used as control. Wheal size in the immediate response was assessed, showing a similarity between the SIT and control groups (9.1 ± 3.3/10.8 ± 2.1 mm; p = 0.124). In the late response, a significantly smaller dimension was observed in the SIT group (2.6 ± 2.6/6.0 ± 1.6 mm; p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Thus, there was a high increase in the specific blocking IgG4, influencing the cutaneous response to the IDI. The suppression of the late cutaneous response correlates with the increase in IgG4, both of which are considered biomarker candidates for SIT.

Keywords

Rhinitis, allergy and immunology, immunotherapy, biomarkers.

Referências

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Submetido em:
18/04/2019

Aceito em:
03/06/2019

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