Anafilaxia a morfina e tramadol: relato de caso
Anaphylactic reaction to morphine and tramadol: case report
Amanda Rocha Firmino Pereira; Rebeca Mussi Brugnolli; Jorge Kalil; Antonio Abílio Motta; Marcelo Vivolo Aun; Pedro Giavina-Bianchi
Resumo
A investigação diagnóstica de reações anafiláticas durante a anestesia é difícil, uma vez que vários medicamentos são administrados. O diagnóstico é necessário para evitar uma reexposição ao medicamento potencialmente ofensivo. Os opioides raramente causam anafilaxia. A incidência total de reação de hipersensibilidade imediata aos opiáceos é desconhecida, e as incidências diferenciais de reações alérgicas e não alérgicas aos opiáceos também. Os dados sobre a sensibilidade cruzada entre as classes de medicamentos são limitados pela ocorrência rara destas alergias, e qualquer uso de opioide em um paciente com alergia relatada deve ser feito com cautela. O valor dos testes cutâneos de leitura imediata nos indivíduos sensíveis aos opiáceos é incerto, por poderem causar desgranulação direta dos mastócitos, e o teste de IgE sérico para opiáceos não está disponível comercialmente. O objetivo dos autores é relatar um caso de anafilaxia perioperatória, tendo como agente causal um opioide e discorrer sobre a investigação e implicações decorrentes do uso destes medicamentos. Estudos bem desenhados e adequadamente controlados sobre o assunto ainda são necessários para melhor entendimento das reações e maior segurança para o uso destes medicamentos.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Diagnostic investigation of anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia is difficult, since several drugs are administered simultaneously. However, diagnosis is necessary to avoid reexposure to potentially harmful drugs. Opioids rarely cause anaphylaxis. The overall incidence of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to opiates is unknown, as are the differential incidences of allergic and non-allergic reactions. Data on cross-sensitivity between different classes of drugs are limited by the rare occurrence of these allergies, and any use of opioids in a patient with a reported history of allergy should be made with caution. The value of immediate-reading skin tests in opiate-sensitive individuals is uncertain, as they may cause direct degranulation of mast cells; serum-specific IgE testing for opiates, in turn, is not commercially available. The objective of this study was to report a case of perioperative anaphylaxis to opioid and to discuss the diagnostic investigation and implications of the use of these drugs. Well-designed and adequately controlled studies are needed to improve our understanding of reactions to these drugs and to make their use safer.
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
03/19/2018
Accepted date:
05/01/2018
