Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.5935/2526-5393.20170036
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Artigo de Revisão

Mecanismos da imunoterapia alérgeno-específica

Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy

Veridiana Aun Rufino Pereira; Wilson C. Tartuci Aun; João Ferreira de Mello

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Resumo

A imunoterapia alérgeno-específica tem sido usada há mais de 100 anos como um tratamento de dessensibilização para doenças alérgicas, representando um método potencialmente curativo e específico. O presente estudo tem como objetivo revisar os mecanismos da imunoterapia alérgeno-específica, através de revisão bibliográfica com base em artigos publicados entre 1998 e 2016, disponíveis no banco de dados PubMed. Os mecanismos de ação da imunoterapia incluem modulação de linfócitos T e B, produção de IgG4 alérgeno-específica e redução de IgE alérgenoespecífica, migração de eosinófilos, basófilos e mastócitos nos tecidos, bem como a liberação de seus mediadores. As células T reguladoras (Treg) suprimem as células dendríticas responsáveis pela geração de células T efetoras, inibindo TH1, TH2 e TH17. As células Treg foram identificadas como peças-chave no processo de indução de tolerância periférica aos alérgenos.

Palavras-chave

Imunoterapia, linfócitos T reguladores, linfócitos B reguladores.

Abstract

Allergen-specific immunotherapy has been used for more than 100 years as a desensitizing therapy for allergic diseases, representing a potentially curative and specific method. The aim of the present study was to review the mechanisms of allergenspecific immunotherapy based on papers published between 1998 and 2016 and available in the PubMed database. The mechanisms of action of immunotherapy include modulation of T- and B-cell responses, induction of allergen-specific IgG4 and suppression of allergen-specific IgE production, migration of eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells to tissues, as well as release of their mediators. Regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress dendritic cells that support the generation of effector T cells, inhibiting TH1, TH2, and TH17 cells. Treg cells have been identified as key regulators of the induction process of peripheral allergen tolerance.

Keywords

Immunotherapy, regulatory T lymphocytes, regulatory B lymphocytes.

Referências

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Submetido em:
20/06/2017

Aceito em:
07/07/2017

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