Prevalência de asma em alunos de graduação dos cursos de Medicina e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Asthma prevalence among medical and nursing students at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Marina Melo Gonçalves; Gesmar Rodrigues Silva Segundo
Resumo
Objetivos: Conhecer a prevalência de asma entre estudantes dos cursos de Medicina e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) e determinar os principais alérgenos associados a essa doença nos indivíduos estudados. Métodos: Foi aplicado o questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) modificado para adultos, em alunos dos cursos de Medicina e Enfermagem da UFU. Alunos com perfil positivo para asma foram recrutados para a realização do teste cutâneo de puntura (TCP) com extratos de Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), D. farinae (Der f), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), Blattella germanica (Bla g), Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., epitélios de Canis familiaris (Can f) e Felis domesticus (Fel d), e gramíneas. Resultados: Foram obtidos 457 questionários válidos. Destes, 50 (10,9%) apresentaram perfil positivo para asma, com 36 questionários (72%) respondidos por indivíduos do gênero feminino e 14 (28%) por indivíduos do gênero masculino (relação F:M 2,57). A idade dos participantes com perfil positivo para asma variou de 17 a 39 anos, com mediana de 20 anos. Dos 50 alunos com perfil positivo, 21 realizaram o TCP, com 61,9% de positividade para Der p; 66,7% para Der f; 28,6% para Blo t; 4,7% para Can f, Fel d e Alternaria. Conclusão: A prevalência de asma na população estudada foi de 10,9%, com predomínio no gênero feminino. Observou-se sensibilização alergênica predominante a ácaros da poeira domiciliar.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of asthma among students of the Schools of Medicine and Nursing at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) and to investigate the allergens most commonly associated with the disease in the study group. Methods: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, modified for adults, was applied to medical and nursing students at UFU. Students with a positive profile for asthma were recruited to undergo skin prick testing (SPT) with the following extracts: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), D. farinae (Der f), Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), Blattella germanica (Bla g), Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp.; epithelia of Canis familiaris (Can f) and Felis domesticus (Fel d) and grasses were also tested. Results: A total of 457 valid questionnaires were obtained. Of those, 50 (10.9%) had a positive profile for asthma; 36 questionnaires (72%) were answered by women and 14 (28%) by men (F:M ratio: 2.57). The age of participants with a positive profile for asthma ranged from 17 to 39 years, at a median of 20 years. Of the 50 students with a positive profile, 21 underwent SPT, with 61.9% positivity for Der p, 66.7% for Der f, 28.6% to Blo t, and 4.7% to Can f, Fel d, and Alternaria. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma in the studied population was 10.9%, with a female predominance. Allergen sensitization to house dust mites was the most common finding.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
05/02/2016
Aceito em:
11/11/2016
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