Broncoespasmo induzido por exercício no atleta
Exercise-induced bronchospasm in the athlete
José Ângelo Rizzo; Adelmir Souza-Machado; Flávio Sano; Álvaro Augusto Souza da Cruz Filho; Faradiba Sarquis Serpa; Gustavo Falbo Wandalsen; Janaina Michelle Lima Melo; Marcelo Vivolo Aun; Pedro Francisco Giavina Bianchi Jr.; José Laerte Boechat; Eduardo Costa de Freitas Silva
Resumo
No presente artigo, os autores realizam uma revisão narrativa sobre a definição, prevalência, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício em atletas. A prevalência varia de acordo com os critérios diagnósticos adotados, mas nos estudos que empregaram métodos objetivos, pode alcançar até 39% nos atletas de natação não asmáticos, e 51% em atletas de futebol asmáticos. São discutidos os aspectos fisiopatológicos do bronco‑ espasmo induzido pelo exercício, incluindo o papel da desidratação e da inflamação das vias aéreas nos atletas. Para o diagnóstico, são mostrados dados que confirmam ser inadequado o diagnóstico baseado apenas em critérios clínicos, e é apresentada uma avaliação crítica dos métodos objetivos mais empregados para confirmação diagnóstica. Para finalizar, os conceitos atuais de prevenção do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício são apresentados, ressaltando que em atletas de elite o máximo desempenho é exigido, e qualquer redução da capacidade física pode separá-los da vitória.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
In the present article, the authors conduct a narrative review of the definition, prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of exercise-induced bronchospasm in athletes. Prevalence rates vary according to the diagnostic criteria adopted. However, in studies employing objective methods, rates reach up to 39% in non-asthmatic swimmers and 51% in asthmatic soccer players. The pathophysiology of exercise-induced bronchospasm is discussed, including the role played by airway dehydration and inflammation. With regard to diagnosis, the data presented support the inappropriateness of a diagnosis based exclusively on clinical criteria; the objective methods most frequently adopted for diagnostic confirmation are critically evaluated. Finally, the authors present current concepts in the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm, emphasizing that maximal performance is required from elite athletes, and any reduction in physical conditions may separate them from victory.
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
11/30/2015
Accepted date:
07/11/2016
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