Fatores associados ao conhecimento de crianças e adolescentes asmáticos sobre a asma
Factors associated with asthma knowledge among asthmatic children and adolescents
Tássia Natalie Nascimento Santos; Ana Carla Carvalho Coelho; Carolina Souza-Machado; Adelmir Souza-Machado
Resumo
Asma é uma doença respiratória crônica que ocorre frequentemente em escolares e adolescentes, podendo ocasionar redução temporária ou permanente do rendimento escolar. Pode passar despercebida pelos pais e adolescentes, facilitando a ausência de controle e promovendo desfechos desfavoráveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre fatores associados ao conhecimento sobre a doença em crianças e adolescentes asmáticos. Revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada, com busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS. Descritores pesquisados simultaneamente foram asthma, adolescents, children, parents, hospitalization, school health, health education, knowledge e morbidity. Os 13 artigos incluídos relataram avaliação de pacientes asmáticos nas faixas etárias de 6-12 anos e 13-18 anos, com desenhos de estudo do tipo corte transversal, coorte, ensaios clínicos controlados e caso controle. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de conhecimento em asma está associado a crenças, atitudes, nível de escolaridade dos pais, condições socioeconômicas, diagnóstico prévio de asma na família. Fatores como relação dos profissionais de saúde, informações fornecidas sobre asma pelos profissionais de saúde e posse de medicações para resgate e controle da asma também estão diretamente associadas ao conhecimento sobre a doença. O conhecimento sobre a asma influencia na redução do absenteísmo escolar e controle dos sinais e sintomas da doença. Fatores biológicos e socioeconômicos relacionados à enfermidade, presença de atopia na família e acesso ao tratamento podem estar associados ao nível de conhecimento dos asmáticos e seus pais. Estratégias incluindo intervenções escolares para educação em asma são eficazes na melhoria do conhecimento sobre a doença.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that frequently affects school-age children and adolescents and may temporarily or permanently affect their academic performance. The disease may go unnoticed by parents and adolescents, facilitating lack of asthma control and unfavorable outcomes. The objective of the present study was to review the literature on factors associated with asthma knowledge among asthmatic children and adolescents. A systematic review of the literature was performed, searching the MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The following keywords were used simultaneously in the search strategy: asthma, adolescents, children, parents, hospitalization, school health, health education, knowledge, and morbidity. The 13 articles included in the review reported on the assessment of asthmatic patients in the 6-12- year and 13-18-year age ranges, with cross-sectional, cohort, case-control studies and clinical trials. The results showed that level of asthma knowledge was associated with beliefs, attitudes, parental education level, socioeconomic status, and previous diagnosis of asthma in the family. Factors such as relationship with health care professionals, asthma information provided by health care professionals, and possession of rescue and controller medications were also directly associated with knowledge about the disease. Asthma knowledge was found to have a direct influence on reducing absenteeism in school and controlling signs and symptoms. Biological and socioeconomic factors related to the disease, presence of atopy in the family, and access to treatment may be associated with the level of asthma knowledge among patients and their parents. Strategies such as asthma educational interventions conducted at schools are effective in improving knowledge about the disease.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
19/08/2014
Aceito em:
26/07/2015
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