Avaliação da qualidade do sono e da qualidade de vida na asma
Evaluation of quality of sleep and quality of life in asthma
Deisiane Lima Araújo; Cristina Salles; Carolina Souza-Machado; Adelmir Souza-Machado
Resumo
Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre a relação entre asma noturna, qualidade de vida e qualidade do sono em pacientes asmáticos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão com busca na base de dados Bireme e PUBMED, de artigos publicados em língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola. O estudo restringiu-se a artigos originais e de revisão, que avaliaram o tema em questão, publicados no período de 1988 a 2013. Resultados: Pacientes com asma apresentam frequentes alterações do sono. As exacerbações da asma geralmente ocorrem à noite, comprometendo a qualidade do sono e a qualidade de vida nos asmáticos. Estudos sugerem que pacientes com asma controlada podem apresentar alterações do sono, tais como maior latência do sono, dificuldades de manter o sono, e vigília durante a noite, comprometendo a eficiência do sono. Indivíduos asmáticos apresentam sonolência excessiva diurna, déficit nas atividades diárias e na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A qualidade do sono é afetada nos indivíduos com asma, o que pode explicar a sonolência diurna, déficit na saúde e na qualidade de vida. A ausência de controle e presença de sintomas noturnos está associada a pior índice de qualidade do sono e qualidade de vida. No entanto, pacientes asmáticos mesmo controlados relatam maior tempo de latência e vigília noturna. Essas alterações do sono na asma podem estar associadas a outros fatores, como a presença de comorbidades e terapia medicamentosa.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Objective: To review the literature on the relationship between nocturnal asthma, quality of life and quality of sleep in patients with asthma. Methods: In this review, we searched the Bireme and PubMed databases for articles published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Literature selection was limited to original and review articles focusing on the topic and published between 1988 and 2013. Results: Patients with asthma commonly have sleep disturbances. Asthma exacerbations usually occur at night, affecting the quality of sleep and quality of life of asthmatic patients. Studies suggest that patients with controlled asthma may have sleep disturbances such as increased sleep latency, difficulty maintaining sleep, and wakefulness during the night, compromising sleep efficiency. Asthmatics present excessive daytime sleepiness, deficits in daily life activities, and impaired quality of life. Conclusion: Sleep quality is affected in individuals with asthma, which may explain the daytime sleepiness, health problems, and impaired quality of life observed in these patients. Lack of control and the presence of nocturnal symptoms are associated with poor sleep quality and poor quality of life. Even patients with controlled asthma report increased sleep latency and wakefulness during the night. These asthma-related sleep disturbances may be associated with other factors, such as the presence of comorbidities and drug therapy.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
24/03/2014
Aceito em:
27/04/2015
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