Aspectos clínicos e perfil de sensibilização em pacientes pediátricos em um programa de asma
Clinical aspects and sensitization profile of pediatric patients enrolled in an asthma program
Juliana Lima Ribeiro; Gesmar Rodrigues Silva Segundo
Resumo
Objetivo: Determinar as características clínicas e o perfil de sensibilização dos pacientes pediátricos acompanhados em um programa de asma. Métodos: Este estudo transversal, observacional, analítico avaliou crianças com diagnóstico de asma, com idades entre 2 e 15 anos, atendidas no período de julho de 2010 a julho de 2011, participantes de programa de asma na cidade de Catalão, Goiás. Dados dos pacientes foram obtidos por meio de questionário e por consulta ao prontuário do paciente. Foram realizados os testes cutâneos de puntura (TCP) para os principais alérgenos regionais, para avaliação do perfil de sensibilização. Resultados: Trezentos e um pacientes participaram do estudo. Cento e setenta e três (57,5%) destes eram do sexo masculino, e a mediana de idade foi de 74 meses (24-166 meses). Antecedentes parentais ou pessoais de atopia foram encontrados em 80% dos pacientes. Sensibilização a aeroalérgenos observada no TCP foi de 63% para pelo menos um alérgeno. Ácaros foram os aeroalérgenos associados a maior frequência de sensibilização. Os pacientes de 2 a 5 anos incompletos apresentaram frequência de sensibilização significantemente inferior aos pacientes dos outros grupos etários (p < 0,0001). Observamos que 62% dos pacientes apresentavam controle da asma. Conclusões: O nível controle da asma observado no presente estudo foi maior que o descrito na literatura. Observamos diferentes perfis de sensibilização de acordo com a faixa etária. Conhecer esses perfis auxilia na diferenciação de padrões de sibilância, no prognóstico de evolução destes pacientes, e, ainda, na elaboração de estratégias de prevenção para a asma na infância.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Objectives: To determine clinical characteristics and sensitization profiles of pediatric patients enrolled in an asthma program. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, analytical study assessed children diagnosed with asthma, aged 2 to 15 years, seen between July 2010 and July 2011 and enrolled in an asthma program in the municipality of Catalão, state of Goiás, centralwestern Brazil. Patient data were collected using a questionnaire and by review of medical charts. Skin prick tests (SPT) for the main regional allergens were performed in all patients to evaluate sensitization profiles. Results: Three hundred and one patients participated in the study. Of these, 173 (57.5%) were male; median age was 74 months (24-166 months). Personal and parental history of atopic disease was present in 80% of the patients. Sensitization to aeroallergens as measured by SPT was positive for at least one allergen in 63% of the patients. House dust mites were the aeroallergens most frequently associated with sensitization. Patients aged 2 to 5 years showed a significantly lower frequency of sensitization as compared to patients of other age groups (p < 0.0001). Sixty two percent of the patients showed asthma control. Conclusions: The patients included in the present study showed asthma control rates higher than those described in the literature. We found different sensitization profiles according to age group. Knowing these profiles can help distinguish between different wheezing patterns, evaluate prognosis, and design prevention strategies for childhood asthma.
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
10/14/2013
Accepted date:
05/24/2014
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