Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
https://aaai-asbai.org.br/article/doi/10.4322/2526-5393.20250046
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Clinical and Experimental Communication

Dessensibilização com ocrelizumabe: relato de caso

Desensitization to ocrelizumab: a case report

Maria Eduarda Trocoli Zanetti, Gabriel Veloso Araujo-Neto, Natalia Dias Melo, Ana Leticia Romanini, Maria Tereza Stein, Lais Matuda, Laura Cardoso Brentini, Deborah Batista Sant'anna, Fabiane Leticia Lopes, Anne Marielle Camargo, Edine Coelho Pimentel, José Eduardo Lemos, Mariana Paes Leme Ferriani, Persio Roxo-Júnior, Trajano Aguiar Pires Gonçalves, Luisa Karla Arruda, Ullissis Pádua Menezes

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Resumo

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença inflamatória e neuro‑ degenerativa do sistema nervoso central, com impacto funcional progressivo. Ocrelizumabe, um anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD20, é utilizado para tratamento de formas recorrente-remitente e pri‑ mária progressiva da EM, podendo causar reações infusionais, incluindo hipersensibilidade do tipo 1. Este relato descreve o caso de uma paciente de 34 anos com EM, sem história prévia de alergia, que apresentou urticária durante a primeira infusão de ocrelizumabe. Optou-se por realizar dessensibilização rápida com protocolo em 12 etapas e 3 bolsas. Durante a terceira bolsa, a paciente apresentou eritema facial, tratada com sucesso com bilastina, e o protocolo foi retomado sem intercorrências. As infu‑ sões subsequentes seguiram o mesmo esquema com sucesso. As reações ao ocrelizumabe podem incluir desde liberação de citocinas até hipersensibilidade imediata ou tardia, sendo fun‑ damental distinguir os tipos de reação para manejo adequado. Apesar de não ter sido possível confirmar a natureza alérgica da reação por meio de testes cutâneos, a dessensibilização foi segura e eficaz. Esse caso reforça a viabilidade da dessensibili‑ zação como estratégia para manter a terapia de primeira linha em pacientes com EM que desenvolvem reações infusionais. Relatos como esse são importantes para ampliar o conhecimento sobre o manejo de reações de hipersensibilidade ao ocrelizumabe, ainda pouco descritas na literatura, e garantir continuidade terapêutica em casos clínicos complexos.

Palavras-chave

Dessensibilização imunológica, hipersensibilidade imediata, hipersensibilidade a drogas.

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by progressive functional impairment. Ocrelizumab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, is used to treat both the relapsing-remitting and primary progressive forms of MS, but may trigger infusion-related reactions, including type I hypersensitivity. This report describes the case of a 34-year-old woman with MS and no prior history of allergy who developed urticaria during her first ocrelizumab infusion. A rapid desensitization protocol consisting of 12 steps and 3 infusion bags was performed. During the administration of the third bag, the patient developed facial erythema, which was successfully managed with bilastine, allowing the protocol to resume without further complications. Subsequent infusions followed the same protocol and were completed successfully. Reactions to ocrelizumab may range from cytokine releaserelated phenomena to immediate or delayed hypersensitivity, and distinguishing between these reaction types is essential for appropriate management. Although the allergic nature of the reaction could not be confirmed by skin testing, desensitization was both safe and effective. This case supports the feasibility of desensitization as a strategy to maintain first-line therapy in patients with MS who develop infusion-related reactions. Case reports such as this are important for expanding current knowledge regarding the management of hypersensitivity reactions to ocrelizumab, which remain sparsely documented, and help ensure continuity of treatment in complex clinical scenarios.

Keywords

Immunologic desensitization, immediate hypersensitivity, drug hypersensitivity, ocrelizumab.

References

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Submitted date:
08/28/2025

Accepted date:
01/29/2026

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