Relação entre vitamina D e doenças alérgicas
Vitamin D and allergic diseases
Hevertton L. B. S. Santos; Nelson A. Rosário Filho
Resumo
Objetivo: A vitamina D (VD) tem sido tema de diversos estudos com objetivo de determinar sua influência nos mecanismos imunológicos, incluindo os alérgicos. Esta revisão pretende apresentar o conhecimento atual, sobre a relação dos níveis séricos de vitamina D e doenças alérgicas.
Fonte de dados: Artigos originais, artigos de revisão e consensos obtidos à partir da pesquisa dos termos vitamin D, allergy, asthma, rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, no banco de dados Pubmed®, publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Os artigos mais relevantes, de acordo com o objetivo do artigo, foram utilizados.
Sintese dos dados: Vários mecanismos de ação da VD sobre o sistema imunológico foram propostos. O momento em que ocorre a exposição à VD durante a vida pode ser ter efeito protetor quanto ao desenvolvimento de asma e outras doenças respiratórias. Como exemplo, filhos de mães suplementadas com VD na gestação tem menor incidência de sibilância recorrente. A VD tem participação na síntese de catelecidinas, e níveis altos destas estão relacionados à menor persistência dos sintomas de dermatite atópica. A menor exposição solar está inversamente relacionada à frequência de prescrição de adrenalina para reações anafiláticas. A VD também pode ter efeito potencializador da imunoterapia. Algumas observações, contrariando a corrente maior, demonstram que em comunidades isoladas, onde não se faz suplementação de VD, existe menor incidência de alergia alimentar.
Conclusão: Evidencias epidemiológicas e experimentais demonstram a relação da VD e alergia. Estudos sobre a suplementação de VD, tanto para a prevenção primaria de alergias, quanto para a modificação da doença existente são necessários e ajudarão a melhor compreender as doenças alérgicas.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Objective: Vitamin D (VD) has been the subject of several studies aiming to determine their influence on immunological mechanisms, including allergic. This review aims to present the current knowledge on the relationship of serum vitamin D levels and allergic diseases.
Data source: Original articles, review articles and consensus obtained from the search terms of vitamin D, allergy, asthma, rhinitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, the database Pubmed®, published in the last 10 years. The most relevant articles in accordance with the purpose of this paper were used.
Data synthesis: Multiple mechanisms of action of VD on the immune system have been proposed. The moment of exposure to VD, during life, may have a protective effect on the development of asthma and other respiratory diseases. As an example, children of mothers who received supplemental RV during pregnancy have a lower incidence of recurrent wheezing. VD participates in the synthesis of cathelicidins, and high VD levels are related to the lower persistence of atopic dermatitis symptoms. The less sunlight exposure is inversely related to frequency of adrenaline prescription for anaphylactic reactions. VD may also have a potentiating effect on immunotherapy. Some contradictory observations show that in isolated communities, where there is no supplementation of VD, lower incidence of food allergy is reported.
Conclusion: Epidemiological and experimental evidences demonstrate the relationship between the VD and allergy. Studies on VD supplementation, as much for allergy primary prevention, as for modification of existing disease are needed and will help the better understanding of allergic diseases.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
30/01/2012
Aceito em:
07/03/2012
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